Behavioral Systems

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Behavioral Systems Matrix

Mastery Learning &
Programmed Instruction

Matrix
Highlights

Direct Instruction

Simulations

Mastery Learning and Programmed Instruction
Highlights	Benefits	Limitations	Applications
Material for learning is arranged from simple to complex. Material is individualized for each learner. Students maintain their own pace as they master the information.	enables student to work at own pace allows self-direction of learning fosters dvpt of problem-solving encourages self-evaluation increases motivation	most effective for the lower levels of learning (in Bloom's Taxonomy) and not appropriate for higher levels of learning	computer-based training military and industrial training online instruction lab-based instruction
Student -centered approach
Key Terms: Aptitude IPI (Individually Prescribed Instruction) Additional Sites :Carroll's Model of School Learning, Mastery Learning, Bloom's Taxonomy, Benjamin Bloom, individualized instruction

Mastery Learning and Programmed Instruction (developed by John Carroll and Benjamin Bloom) John Carroll\| Benjamin Bloom\|Individually Prescribed Instruction\|Back to Top John Carroll defines aptitude as the amount of time it takes someone to learn any given material, rather than his or her capacity to learn it. In Carroll's view, students with very low aptitude simply take a much longer time to reach mastery than someone with a higher aptitude. This view suggest that all students can master a given set of objectives, if sufficient time is provided along with instruction. Carroll believes that a good instructor organizes the curriculum so that students will have optimal time, be encouraged to persevere, and receive assistance in understanding the learning task. Benjamin Bloom believes mastery learning can be implemented simply by modifying traditional group instructional procedures to ensure that some students have more time and can received appropriate individual instruction according to the results of a formative evaluation. According to Bloom's (and Block's) System: Mastery is defined by course objectives Coursework is divided into smaller learning units, each with its own objectives Materials and instructional strategy identified Each unit has a brief diagnostic test Data obtained from diagnostic tests fed back to student as reinforcement and to provide supplementary instruction \| mastery learning \| top of page \| Individually Prescribed Instruction A modular curriculum which applies the theories of Bloom and Carroll to curriculum materials development. Steps in the Program Enable each student to work as his or her own rate through units of study in a learning sequence Develop in each pupil a demonstrable degree of mastery Develop self-initiation and self-direction of learning Foster the development of problem-solving through processes Encourage self-evaluation and motivation for learning Assumptions of IPI: students differ in the amount of time needed students should be allowed to work at own pace with proper study materials, students can learn with a minimum of direct teacher instruction students must master a unit before moving on to the next one frequent evaluation should be provided learning is often enhanced when students can help one another top of page